The Verification of Propotionality Between Time Period and Length of a Simple Pendulum Experiment Using Deep Neural Network
Adesiyan Ayomide,
Obioma Osuagwu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
55-59
Received:
14 April 2021
Accepted:
30 April 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: This research shows a pedagogic experimental and theoretical study of the motion of a simple pendulum, which considers the propotionality to the variables length (L) and period-time (T) of a simple harmonic motion, is presented. The study has used RELU (RECTIFIED LINEAR UNIT) activation function in deep neural network which is a branch of artificial neural network to examine the correlation between the dependent and independent variables in a simple pendulum experiment, the variables and their values was first generated from an online physics laboratory, the values and their corresponding variables were later separated into two CSV files, after which they were analyzed with the use of linear regression model in PYTHON programming language. It also applies to Physics Direct Method to represent these equations, in addition to the numerical solutions discusses. This research investigates the relationship between Length and Period using neural network models to find out a unique numerical solution by using simulation to see their behavior which shows in last part of this article. The results obtained shows that the linear approach to modeling the relationship between a scalar response and one or more variables with the RELU activation function proves their proportionality, this would be a good reference against which other results obtained from other simple harmonic motion experiments can be compared.
Abstract: This research shows a pedagogic experimental and theoretical study of the motion of a simple pendulum, which considers the propotionality to the variables length (L) and period-time (T) of a simple harmonic motion, is presented. The study has used RELU (RECTIFIED LINEAR UNIT) activation function in deep neural network which is a branch of artificia...
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Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
60-69
Received:
6 October 2021
Accepted:
28 October 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.
Abstract: This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph syste...
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Characterization of Thin Films Deposited from Benzene Using Microwave Plasma Polymerization
Nuri Ayad Zreiba,
Lubna Emhemed Elzawi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
70-78
Received:
25 October 2021
Accepted:
15 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MWPECVD) is a cheap and easy method for the modification of materials surfaces to enhance some required property. In this study, benzene as a monomer was deposited on both Aluminum alloy (2024-T3) and glass slide substrates at several pressures and deposition times using MWPECVD. The chemical structure and surface properties of as-grown thin films were analyzed on glass using FTIR and NMR. It is found that benzene rings are not fully preserved in the film structure. Some benzene rings were converted to saturated alcohol and/or ester functional groups in the crosslinked film structure. The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy substrates both bare and covered with plasma polymerized thin films was carried out by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in standard 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The benzene deposited film was found to be not fully suitable for protection of aluminum substrate against corrosion. The only film that stayed intact post the corrosion measurement is that for the deposition condition of 30 mtorr for 90 minutes. The change in the processing parameters seemed to have a strong influence on the film protective ability. SEM was used to study the surface morphology of deposited films on aluminum. It is found that the polymerized film roughness decreases with increasing monomer pressure and deposition time. Adhesion test done on films deposited on glass showed that the best adhesion occurs for deposition condition of 30 mtorr for 90 minutes and poor adhesion occurred at 7 and 9 mtorr for 90 minutes.
Abstract: Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MWPECVD) is a cheap and easy method for the modification of materials surfaces to enhance some required property. In this study, benzene as a monomer was deposited on both Aluminum alloy (2024-T3) and glass slide substrates at several pressures and deposition times using MWPECVD. The chemical str...
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